The Sociological Perspective Of Dramaturgy Is Associated...

The sociological perspective of dramaturgy is associated with Irving Goffman (1922 – 1982) who developed the concept in his book The Presentation Of The Self In Everyday Life (1959). Using theatre as an extended metaphor, dramaturgy explains the everyday interactions that uphold social reality. Life is like a play, and like actors in a play, people perform roles, working in teams to create the social world, like scenes in a play. This provides functional institutions of work, school, home, hospitals and other official bodies that constitute society. Social ‘performances’ are reliant on team-members understanding their role in the group and the aim of the scenario. Someone who undermines or disrupts a performance, by revealing hidden†¦show more content†¦Thus, dramaturgy is an effective and flexible method of analysis for qualitative, ethnographic based research. As a model for studying everyday life, dramaturgy reveals how identity is constructed, managed , and understood within contextualised locations through shared meanings. This understanding can be used further, to explain how and why human behaviour alters in different situations, identity development throughout the life course, power relations, conformity, subculture, as well as the formation of self and group identity. Dramaturgy is positioned within the ‘interactionist’ school of thought because it uncovers hidden meaning of everyday interaction. In terms how the self relates to society, Goffman’s dramaturgy overlaps with Mead (1943), as they both regard identity as being continually constructed through interaction, rather than a fixed personal attribute. Meaning that individual identity is performed in relation to other people’s perceptions, thus dependable on social context. Dramaturgy analyses society through micro level actions and interactions, contrasting to macro based or conflict theories. However, Rawls argues that dramaturgy is neither micro nor macro, because self-presentation occurs within the constraints of interactions (1987: 140). Although dramaturgy is observation of actions, identity is understood as being formed within the

Exploring Different Data Collection Methods †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Exploring Different Data Collection Methods. Answer: Introduction The current study elucidates in detail different methods of acquiring data that are applied by social scientists. The present study discusses different dimensions pertinent to generation of data and attempt to arrive at a conceptual typology involving specific stimuli, reactions and surroundings for collection of data. However, the job of collection of data necessarily begins after presenting proper definition of research problem and chalking out of the research design. Different categories of data There are two different types of data namely primary data and secondary data. Anderson et al., (2014) pinpoint that primary data are those first hand data that are acquired directly from the field of study. Therefore, these data seems to be original in nature and are referred to as primary data. On the other hand, secondary data refers to those data that have been acquired by some other individual and have already been passed through different statistical procedures. Acquirement of Primary and Secondary Data As rightly mentioned by Baltagi (2015), there are numerous methods of acquiring primary data, specifically in diverse surveys as well as descriptive researches. In essence, in case of descriptive research, primary data is obtained either by means of observation or by means of direct communication with specific respondents in a specific form or another else wise by means of personal interviews. Berger (2013) asserts that secondary data are already available and they refer to those data that have already been acquired as well as evaluated by someone else. () pinpoint the fact that the Secondary data might be either published or else unpublished data. Fundamentally, scholars as well as researchers need to be very careful in utilizing secondary data, as the data available might be sometimes inapt. Mechanisms of Collection of Data: Primary data As rightly indicated by Bryman Bell (2015), in general there are diverse mechanisms of collection of primary data. However, each mechanism has both relative merits as well as demerits. Therefore, investigators have the need to select a specific method for collection of information. Essentially, the choice of collection of primary data to a large extent relies on diverse preliminaries to collection of data and some of the commonly utilized mechanisms include direct personal observation, indirect oral interviews, mailed questionnaire mechanism, schedule method and from regional agents. Direct Personal Observation Direct personal observation can be considered to be a very general mechanism for collection of primary data. In this case, the investigator institutes contacts directly with different informants, solicits their collaboration and gauges the entire data (Burr, 2014). Essentially, this mechanism is utilized in studies related to behavioural science. Observation in actual becomes a scientific mechanism and method for collection of data in different ways mentioned below: Structured and Unstructured Observation When a specific observation is featured by careful definition of specific units to be witnessed style of spectator, states of observation and selection of relevant data of observation can be considered as structured observation (Gacula Jr, 2013). Participant Observation and Disguised Observation At the time when the observers make themselves known to people whom they track can be regarded as participant observation (Gacula Jr, 2013). In case if an observer witnesses in such a manner that the existence remains unknown to people the observer is witnessing can be termed as disguised observation. Controlled and Uncontrolled observation In case if the observation occurs in a natural surrounding it is an uncontrolled observation, however, at the time when observation occurs as per pre-determined plans, counting experimental processes, it can be regarded as controlled observation (Gacula Jr, 2013). Indirect Oral Interviews As correctly mentioned by Granger (2014), indirect oral interviews refer to an indirect mechanism of acquiring primary data. In this case, information are not essentially acquired directly from the source but by process of interviewing individuals closely associated to the problem. As such, these mechanisms can be implemented for the purpose of apprehension of diverse culprits involved in cases of theft, murder and many others. The information related to ones personal life something which informants hesitate to disclose is collected in a better way through this method. In this case, the investigator prepares a small list of questions related to the enquiry and the responses are acquired by interviewing individuals well connected with the incident. Essentially, the investigator needs to cross examine all the informants to acquire appropriate information. In essence, this mechanism can be considered to be time saving and engages comparatively lower amount of cost. The precision of the acquired information largely relies upon the integrity of the examiner (Hair, 2015). Mailed Questionnaire Mechanism As rightly corrected by Hanushek Jackson (2013), mailed questionnaire mechanism can be considered to be an effective method for collection of primary data. In this case, important information is acquired by researchers through a specific questionnaire. A questionnaire is necessarily a document prepared by the examiner containing a specific set/group of questions. Essentially, these questions can be associated to the query either directly or else indirectly. In this case, for better reaction the examiner need to bear the postal charges. Success of this mechanism essentially relies upon the manner in which the questionnaire is drafted. Thus, the examiner needs to be very watchful at the time of framing questions of the questionnaire. In a way, the questions need to be very clear and precise, not many in number, simple and comprehensible, corroboratory in characteristics, impersonal and non-aggressive and multiple choice else wise open ended. Schedule Method: Newbold et al., (2012) find out that informants are mostly uneducated and non-responsive data cannot be acquired by the mailed questionnaire mechanism. Essentially, in this type of cases, schedule method can be utilized to acquire data. As such the questionnaires are sent via the enumerators to acquire information. Basically, enumerators are individuals appointed by the investigator for carrying out the function of data collection. The enumerators directly meet the target informants with the survey questionnaire illustrate the overall scope and aim of the enquiry to all the target informants and solicit co-operation. From Regional Agents On occasions primary data are necessarily acquired from regional agents else wise other correspondents. In this case, these agents are necessarily hired by diverse sponsoring authorities. In a way, they are also well conversant with the regional state of affairs such as language, mode of communication, food habits, trends and traditions among many others (Ott Longnecker, 2015). In essence, this mechanism is normally utilized by diverse government agencies, periodicals as well as newspapers among many others to acquire data. Mechanisms of Collection of Data: Secondary data A learner can acquire secondary data from different sources. In essence, secondary data might either be published or else unpublished data. As mentioned by Anderson et al., (2014), published data can be obtained from publications of governing bodies, technical as well as trade journals, reports of different businesses as well as banks, various public records in addition to statistical or else historical documents. However, unpublished data might be found in letters, diverse unpublished biographies else wise work and diaries and many others. Conclusion The above mentioned study helps in understanding different categories of data and specific processes of acquirement of primary and secondary data. Essentially, this study helps in understanding the overall nature, scope as well as object of inquiry of different methods of collection of data. References Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., Cochran, J. J. (2014).Statistics for business economics, revised. Cengage Learning. Baltagi, B. H. (2015). What is Econometrics?. InSolutions Manual for Econometrics(pp. 1-4). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Berger, J. O. (2013).Statistical decision theory: foundations, concepts, and methods. Springer Science Business Media. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Burr, I. W. (2014).Applied statistical methods. Elsevier. Gacula Jr, M. C. (2013).Statistical methods in food and consumer research. Elsevier. Granger, C. W. J. (2014).Forecasting in business and economics. Academic Press. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hanushek, E. A., Jackson, J. E. (2013).Statistical methods for social scientists. Academic Press. Newbold, P., Carlson, W., Thorne, B. (2012).Statistics for business and economics. Pearson. Ott, R. L., Longnecker, M. T. (2015).An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis. Nelson Education.

Stereochemistry of the Addition of Bromine to Trans-Cinnamic Acid free essay sample

Once this precipitate is separated by vacuum filtration the melting point helps identify the product. Laboratory notebook reference: Pages 9-10 Chemical Reactions: [pic] Observations: The experiment was begun by mixing trans-cinnamic acid and glacial acetic acid with an added stir bar and placed on the magnetic stirrer the solution mixed up very well. After stirring, bromine/acetic acid was added over five increments and stirred and the solution turned a dark orange color and then began to fade to a lighter color. After vacuum filtration the substance dried and appeared much harder and less liquefied than before. Once the dried substance was obtained the melting point was found along with the melting point range. Data: |Mass of filter paper |0. 554 g | |Filter paper + dried substance Discussion of Results: There was too much error introduced into the experiment to be able to indicate exactly which product was obtained through the experiment. I believe the results were supposed to include the product being erythro-2,3-dibromo-3-phenypropanoic acid and the mechanism that took place in the experiment was in fact the bromonium ion mechanism. We will write a custom essay sample on Stereochemistry of the Addition of Bromine to Trans-Cinnamic Acid or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My group’s percent error was 47. 9% which is extremely low. This low percent error was gained from the lack of mass of the product obtained after vacuum filtration. There are several sources of error that could have given this result including: the product not being dry enough after vacuum filtration, the solution not mixed enough in the experiment, much loss of the product in transferring, and excess acetic acid contaminating the product which would change the melting point of the product. Postlab Assignment for Expt. 3 â€Å"Stereochemistry of Bromine Addition† 1. Would you expect the product from your reaction to be optically active? Explain. (4 points) We would not expect for our molecule to be optically active because it has no asymmetrical centers and therefore would be achiral. 2. What product or products would you expect to obtain by the addition of bromine to cis-cinnamic acid, assuming that it reacts by the same mechanism as the trans acid? (4 points) If it re acts by the same mechanism you would get the same product of 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid. You would need to find the melting point to determine if it produced an erythro or threo product. 3. What will be the possible effect on your results of the following experimental errors or variations? (4 points) (a) You added a total of 5 mL of the bromine solution instead of 10 mL. The reaction may not have enough of the reactant Bromine to move to completion, or not enough product would be made. (b) You misread the label on the bottle of cyclohexane and used it in place of cyclohexene. If you still actually used cyclohexane there would be no effect. 4. Draw structure of the product(s) (show stereochemistry) of bromine addition to fumaric acid assuming that bromine adds to this compound the same way it does to cinnamic acid. (4 points) [pic] Would you expect the product from the reaction in Question 4 to be optically active? Explain. (4 points) No, you would not expect it to be optically active because there are no asymmetrical centers therefore the molecule will be achiral.

Organizational Diagnosis Aligning Business to Present Needs at Translines Logistics Company

Organizational Diagnosis Aligning Business to Present Needs at Translines Logistics Company Sweeping demographic shifts, technological advances, competition, geopolitical realignments, and other related pressures are coalescing with concerns for security, new customer preferences and organizational governance to create momentous pressure for organizational change (Howard, 1994).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Diagnosis: Aligning Business to Present Needs at Translines Logistics Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The awareness of this multiplicity of factors is critically important since it alert’s managers and other interested parties to a need to have some intervention measures in place to attend to their organizations’ pertinent environmental contexts and to decide on the best way to deal with them. The underlying principle is that organizations need to continually change to adapt to the environmental factors or risk irrelevancy (Harrison Shirom, 1999). This p aper purposes to evaluate organizational diagnosis for change at Translines Logistics Company. The above named company has been experiencing decreasing business in spite of the fact that it was a market leader in logistics and parcel delivery services some years ago. Recent government regulations requiring cargo to be cleared from the port within 24 hours or risk stiff penalties have not helped matters, and the company is losing money charged as penalties for late cargo clearance. Also, customers have been lodging complaints about late or delayed cargo delivery to their warehouses, and some have already left the company due to this problem. According to Harrison Shirom (2007), organizational diagnosis basically entails â€Å"†¦investigations that draw on concepts, models, and methods from the behavioral sciences in order to examine an organization’s current state and help clients find ways to solve problems or enhance organizational effectiveness† (p. 7). After c onducting a series of interviews with managers at the company’s port and head offices, it became clear that the existing organizational structure and technology cannot permit clearance of cargo within 24 hours and, as such, does not fit the current situation as dictated by the government regulation.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A close observation of the company trucks as they moved about transporting cargo to various destinations revealed that drivers were indeed stopping on the way to engage in private business. A perusal of company documents relating to clearance and cargo holding revealed very many layers of authority, thus time wastage. For example, a cargo needed the signatures of 5 managers for it to be released, and some of the managers were ever absent from the office. It is imperative to note that the diagnosis made use of Bolman Dealà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Four Frames Model to identify these underlying issues that generated ineffective outcomes for the company (Noolan, 2004). In consequence, it is clear that the organizational structure needs to be changed so that it is aligned with the current situation that requires faster cargo clearance. In changing the organizational structure, efforts should be made to reduce the layers of authority in a strategy aimed at availing cargo to customers within the designated time-frame. Third, the company needs a total overhaul of its information system to necessitate cargo clearance online instead of doing it manually. This will not only save time, but it will enable the company to save critical resources in terms of wage bills and office space. Lastly, the company could consider investing in high-tech satellite tracking systems to monitor the activities of drivers while on duty. This will go a long way to curtail use of official time for personal purposes, a factor that has been directly linked to the increased customer disenchantment with the company. According to the Four Frames model, every organizational change has some human implications, and it should be the function of change agents or consultants to always ensure that the organization is tailored to meet the human needs (Noolan, 2004). However, the change progressed in this type of situation may in the long run have some implications for the employees by virtue of the fact that some managers may have to be stepped down or moved to other sections to pave way for reorganizing the organizational structure to lessen the layers of authority. Still, some employees will be replaced by the modern information system to be implemented to ensure that cargo is cleared from the port within the designated time-frame. Drivers, on their part, will have to be monitored through satellite to ensure they deliver on time. These implications, though they may appear harsh to employees, will go a long way to align the needs of the organization to its business strategies and the anticipated outcomes. To remain competitive and sustainable, organizations must align their change efforts to the long-term business agenda and key objectives (Franken et al., 2009).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Organizational Diagnosis: Aligning Business to Present Needs at Translines Logistics Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As already mentioned, there exists a multiplicity of factors within the environmental context of organizations that drives change (Howard, 1994). In this particular scenario, the leading driver of change is the sudden shift in government regulations, that is, the introduction of a new regulation requiring companies to clear their cargo within 24 hours or risk penalties. According to Franken et al (2009), many of the factors that drive change are interrelated, and this can be drawn here by the fact that the government must hav e known about the existence of a particular type of technology that can facilitate cargo clearance within a shorter time-frame. Against this backdrop, it can be argued that the convergence of technology is yet another driver of change. Third, shifting customer expectations and new competitive threats can also be identified as other drivers of change. The customer must have known about other competitors in the market and their delivery capability compared against what Tlanslines was offering. Manuela Clara (n.d.) are of the opinion that â€Å"†¦the reasons for the failure of many change initiatives can be found in resistance to change† (p. 3). It is a well known fact that resistance to change introduces costs and impediments in the change process that are inarguably challenging to anticipate, but which must be duly considered when initiating changes in an organization. In this particular situation, resistance may be anticipated from managers who will have to lose their p ositions or be transferred elsewhere in an attempt to reduce the layers of authority and streamline the organizational structure. Second, resistance may be anticipated from truck drivers who may feel uncomfortable with the idea of being tracked via satellite to ensure faster delivery of cargo. Third, resistance may come from fellow employees who may be uncertain about their jobs and other benefits when computerization of the cargo clearance system is fully implemented. From the identification of the underlying factors that have affected the business outcomes of Tlanslines, it can be recommended that structural and administrative reforms be initiated towards necessitating the company meet the government initiatives and remain competitive in business. Such reforms will be in line with the company’s long-term business goal of remaining a market leader in the transportation business.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also recommended that the company adopts technology frameworks that will inarguably facilitate faster clearance of cargo and faster delivery of the same to customers. Such an arrangement will to a large extent assist the company to maintain its competitive advantage in the marketplace. Finally, it is recommended that all employees be involved in the change process to reduce resistance and make it a success. Reference List Franken, A., Edwards, C., Lambert, R (2009). Executing Strategic Change: Understanding the Critical Management Elements that leads to Success. California Management Review, 51(3), 49-73. Retrieved from Business Source Premier Database Harrison, M.., Shirom, A. (1999). Organizational diagnosis and assessment: Bridging theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc Howard, A. (1994). Diagnosis for organizational change: Methods and models. New York, NY: The Guilford Press Manuela, P.V., Clara, M.F. (n.d.) Resistance to Change: A Literature Re view and Empirical Study. Retrieved from https://www.uv.es/~pardoman/resistencias.PDF Noolan, J.A.C. (2004). Diagnostic models: An Introduction. Web.

Alliances of Ww1 Essay

war. The alliances were one of the long-term effects of world war one. All alliances started secretly before world war one but what made it significant is when it was clear after Austria declared war on Serbia, Russia declared war on Germany and Austria and the domino effect started, which in the end led to world war one. However, all these alliances in world war one were intended for defense against the expanding Germany army. While, in world war two the alliances were not used for defense†¦ Militarism- The military grew in competing countries. The contest between Germany and Britain at sea between Germany, France, Russia Alliance System- where big countries stayed together incase of a war. The triple alliance and leaders of big alliances acted reckless towards others. Imperialism- Ruling over a country. European countries ruled smaller countries, and competed with each other. Colonies became known as Imperialism. France and Britain had many colonies in Africa and Asia. Germany†¦ involved. The war drew in all the world's great economic powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies and the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Although Italy had also been a member of the Triple Alliance alongside Germany and Austria-Hungary, it did not join the Central Powers, as Austria-Hungary had taken the offensive against the terms of the alliance. These alliances were both reorganized and expanded as more nations entered the war: Italy, Japan and the United States†¦ Events Leading to WW1 World War 1 was the start of changing times in the early 1900 's. This was a time for countries to draw a line in the sand and make a mark as to who would be the new world order. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was an heir to the country of Austria. Once Ferdinand became ruler, he proposed some policies that didn 't pass over well with the other leaders within Austria. One policy would aim at becoming 16 states rather than have Austria fade into the background of Hungary 's government†¦ by Gavril Principe, a Bosnian Serb citizen of Austria-Hungary and member of the Black Hand. The retaliation by Austria-Hungary against Serbia activated a series of alliances that set off a chain reaction of war declarations. Within a month, much of Europe was in a state of open warfare. The war was propagated by two major alliances. The Entente Powers initially consisted of France, the United Kingdom, Russia and their associated empires and dependencies. Numerous other states joined these allies†¦ IMPACTS OF WW1 ON AUSTRALIAN SOCIETY Almost a century has passed but Australia still identifies strongly with the Anzac ‘legend' that emerged during the First World War. Entering the war as a small outpost of the British Empire, no one would have anticipated the courage and tenacity displayed by the Australian troops or the extent to which their war efforts would become the foundation of our national identity. While it lacked large numbers of troops to contribute to the British war effort,†¦ World War 1 (WW1) World War One, the first of two wars which shook the very foundations of the earth. The war was as long as it was brutal, consisting of the world’s greatest powers vied against one another in a brutal, slow conflict. In this war there were the Central and Allied powers, which fought one another for both heroic and selfish reasons. All the while trying to maintain their land and nobilities from being threatened by the other side. The war had many various reasons for beginning,†¦ weapons.† â€Å" Alliances also contributed to the war because when they signed an alliance with another county they gave each other their help if they needed it. Then Austria-Hungary declared war on Russia. Germany declared war on France two days later; they went through Belgium, which was neutral. Great Britain declared war on Germany after France was attacked. Then Austria-Hungary declared war on England and WW1 began†(www.historyonthenet.com). â€Å"The countries that were involved in WW1 that were Central†¦ Impact of WW1 on Russia Social and economic: The war proved an economic disaster for Russia, the direct cost of war rose from 1,500 million roubles in 1914 to 14,500 million in 1918. And this was an expense of the rural or industrial workforce, thus production slumped and in any case in time of war the country needed to be producing more, not less to feed and supply its armies Military problems: Although the Russian government managed to mobilise around 15 million men between 14-17, mainly†¦ Although the alliance between the UK and the USA had been established for many centuries, especially in the shared cause in WW1, it wasn’t until 1944 that the term ‘special relationship’ was used to describe Anglo-American relations. Winston Churchill said in 1944 that â€Å"unless Britain and the United States are joined in a special relationship, another destructive war will come to pass† , this was the foundation of the term ‘special relationship’. After the American Declaration of Independence in†¦

Abstract and critique of Training Teachers to Use Naturalistic Essay

Abstract and critique of Training Teachers to Use Naturalistic Communication Strategies in Classrooms for Students with Autism and Other Severe Handicaps - Essay Example The goals and objectives are used as an assessment tool. It is called the â€Å"Individualized Education Plan†, which is a plan for each individual student. These steps are later observed in the classroom for implementation. The teachers are observed by the SLP and at any given point the teachers will be given immediate feedback by the SLP ´s corrective measures during the observation process. The teachers have to follow the suggestions given by the SLP and does not continue to the next step until the teacher has accomplished the task. The SLP gives the teacher feedback, after a 10-minute observation is done by using the â€Å"Communication Maintenance Goals checklist†. The SLP gives the observations to the teacher and the teacher gives the supervising teacher the feedback after reviewing them. The teacher should reach an 80% of competency after three consecutive observations. This study was tested in two special education classrooms at The May Institute, Inc. The children that were observed had severe communication deficits, social withdrawals, aggression, and self-injuries behaviors. The children received one-to-one and small group instruction on pre academic and academic skills, vocational skills, self-help routines, and recreation programs. There were eight children involved in this study made up by two groups of four. The children were diagnosed as having autism, severe mental retardation, or pervasive developmental delay. Their ages ranged from 7 years to 13 years. Two of the children took medications (insulin and clonodine). For the reliability, the observers had an agreement of 86% to 96% in the frequency of elicited communication maintenance goals which was 90% and for the frequency of spontaneous communication maintenance goals which ranged from 72% to 95% reaching an agreement of 81%. The authors selected one of the children, Tim, for an in-depth analysis. They presented the

Business Administration (Research Article Critique) Lab Report

Business Administration (Research Article Critique) - Lab Report Example The following hypothesis may be developed for the present study: Interview schedule has been applied as the tool for data collection for the present study. Eighty seven respondents belonging to different age-groups, gender and area were selected on the basis of quota (non-probability) sampling for the interview. After the research process, the hypothesis was upheld. Balance in life maintains imperative significance in man’s life. The researches reveal the very fact that more healthy and satisfied the individuals be in a social set up, more will be the chances of the society and culture to grow and lead the world at large. It is therefore almost all societies of the world lay stress on the healthy and creative activities to make its culture a highly successful one. Though it is a fact beyond doubt that man cannot live without work, but it is also the reality that a balanced life containing professional commitment as well as recreational activities add more and more to man’s triumphs while climbing the ladder of his career life. It has aptly been stated that man is a social animal; all his needs and desires are fulfilled by living within a social set up and leading a gregarious life. He has to work hard from dawn to dusk in order to earn his bread on the one hand and keep the wolf from the door on the other. In the same way, he requires a balance life to make his life more and more comfortable. Modern industrialization and technological advancement has turned slow, sluggish and laggard life into very quick, fast and speedy one. Though demand for more and more technicalities and proficiencies in career life has got a significant boost and people look for delicacy as well as perfection in each and every profession, against which the professionals have to make hard efforts to prove their worth in this age of perfect